Statistics · CA4 Tracker — Fourth Circuit

Case Outcomes

Distribution of final outcomes across all decided cases, grouped from the court's free-text dispositions. The headline reversal rate at the top of the page uses the stricter definition (reversed, reversed & remanded, vacated, or vacated & remanded only) and excludes split decisions.

Browse all decided cases →

Affirmed
1157(60.8%)
Lower decision left in place. Includes merits affirmances, agency-review petitions denied, and appellate dismissals (e.g. for lack of jurisdiction or mootness).
- Affirmed1097
- Dismissed60
Reversed or Vacated
496(26.1%)
Appellant won in full — reversed, vacated, or reversed/vacated and remanded.
Mixed
206(10.8%)
Split decision — affirmed in part and reversed (or vacated) in part.
Other / Procedural
45(2.4%)
Procedural resolutions — bare remands, settlements/withdrawals, and dispositions we can't classify from the raw CourtListener text.
- Remanded26
- Other19

1,904 of 2,152 decided cases have a classified disposition. 248 cases are still awaiting a normalized outcome (CourtListener backfill lag or a PDF without a parseable disposition line).

Reversal Rate by Lower-Court Judge

Share of decided appeals in which CA4 reversed or vacated the lower-court judge whose decision was under review. Judges with fewer than five decided cases are hidden; names are taken from the parenthetical on the calendar PDF.

Judge	Reversed	Cases	Rate
Lydon	4	6	66.7%
Herlong	5	9	55.6%
Harwell	4	8	50.0%
Cullen	3	6	50.0%
Lewis	6	13	46.2%
Nachmanoff	10	23	43.5%
Chambers	9	21	42.9%
Faber	3	7	42.9%
Hurson	3	7	42.9%
Bailey	18	45	40.0%
Jackson	10	25	40.0%
Goodwin	6	15	40.0%
Hilton	11	28	39.3%
Coggins	5	13	38.5%
Bredar	6	17	35.3%
Norton	6	17	35.3%
Bennett	11	32	34.4%
Dillon	10	30	33.3%
Currie	3	9	33.3%
Johnston	3	9	33.3%
Keeley	2	6	33.3%
Trenga	12	37	32.4%
Gibney	9	29	31.0%
Jones	8	26	30.8%
Mullen	4	13	30.8%
Ballou	3	10	30.0%
Ellis	7	24	29.2%
Boyle	16	56	28.6%
Dever	16	56	28.6%
Reidinger	10	35	28.6%
Dawson	4	14	28.6%
Giles	2	7	28.6%
Tilley	2	7	28.6%
Hendricks	7	25	28.0%
Griggsby	5	18	27.8%
Hazel	3	11	27.3%
Lauck	3	11	27.3%
Payne	3	11	27.3%
Cogburn	10	37	27.0%
Cain	4	15	26.7%
Chuang	5	19	26.3%
Conrad	11	44	25.0%
O'Grady	7	28	25.0%
Kleeh	4	16	25.0%
Grimm	3	12	25.0%
Groh	3	12	25.0%
Messitte	3	12	25.0%
Gergel	6	25	24.0%
Gallagher	5	21	23.8%
Myers	5	21	23.8%
Brinkema	8	35	22.9%
Moon	5	22	22.7%
Flanagan	12	54	22.2%
Chasanow	4	18	22.2%
Britt	2	9	22.2%
Anderson	3	14	21.4%
Alston	4	19	21.1%
Howard	2	10	20.0%
Hudson	5	26	19.2%
Childs	4	21	19.0%
Young	3	16	18.8%
Davis	2	11	18.2%
Schroeder	2	11	18.2%
Berger	3	17	17.6%
Eagles	3	17	17.6%
Urbanski	4	23	17.4%
Whitney	4	23	17.4%
Bell	5	29	17.2%
Copenhaver	2	12	16.7%
Doumar	1	6	16.7%
Hanes	1	6	16.7%
Wooten	1	7	14.3%
Blake	2	15	13.3%
Russell	2	15	13.3%
Osteen	3	24	12.5%
Volk	1	8	12.5%
Hollander	2	18	11.1%
Allen	1	9	11.1%
Smith	1	9	11.1%
Boardman	1	11	9.1%
Biggs	2	23	8.7%
Novak	1	21	4.8%
Xinis	0	18	0.0%
Rubin	0	13	0.0%

Average Days from Argument to Opinion

Subject areas with fewer than 5 decided cases are hidden (10 subject areas omitted).

Subject Area	Avg Days▲	Cases
HABEAS	69	5
MOUNTAIN VALLEY PIPELINE	70	7
SECURITIES	85	10
Unclassified	91	68
CAPITAL CASE	93	11
SENTENCING	93	125
SOCIAL SECURITY	94	18
BLACK LUNG	94	20
ARBITRATION	100	37
BANKRUPTCY	101	30
JURISDICTION	103	44
CONTRACT	107	36
INSURANCE	107	43
TRADEMARK	110	16
ERISA	110	22
CIVIL RIGHTS	112	141
CIVIL	113	525
TAX	114	12
IMMIGRATION	114	150
CRIMINAL	118	414
CIVIL COMMITMENT	119	8
TORT	127	25
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW	132	102
LABOR	133	17
EMPLOYMENT	135	76
POSTCONVICTION	137	121
CLASS ACTION	156	24
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW	160	15

Opinion Turnaround by Author

Average number of days between oral argument and the issuance of an authored opinion. Per-curiam opinions are excluded, and judges with fewer than five authored opinions are hidden.

Fastest

60days

Wilkinson

Weighted avg

117days

2022 opinions

Slowest

248days

Rushing

AverageMedianSorted fastest to slowest

Judge Agreement

For each pair of judges, the percentage of shared panel decisions where neither one authored a dissent. Darker green means the pair agrees more often; red highlights pairs that disagree more than average. Cells show n = the number of decided cases both judges sat on; cells with fewer than 2 shared cases are grayed out. Only judges who have sat on at least 10 panels with issued opinions are shown.

	Richardson	Niemeyer	Gregory	Thacker	King	Quattlebaum	Diaz	Wilkinson	Agee	Wynn	Rushing	Harris	Heytens	Floyd	Benjamin	Motz	Keenan	Berner	Traxler
Richardson		100 n=67	81 n=62	92 n=51	83 n=54	97 n=64	100 n=45	86 n=59	100 n=70	70 n=43	96 n=67	88 n=49	93 n=54	87 n=38	89 n=28	84 n=32	89 n=38	95 n=21	100 n=11
Niemeyer	100 n=67		86 n=63	85 n=53	89 n=53	93 n=68	97 n=65	95 n=77	95 n=80	80 n=46	95 n=62	90 n=40	90 n=40	88 n=42	89 n=38	83 n=30	89 n=19	92 n=26	89 n=9
Gregory	81 n=62	86 n=63		95 n=75	98 n=50	74 n=68	90 n=49	72 n=50	83 n=47	97 n=67	60 n=40	94 n=83	97 n=38	95 n=37	97 n=32	100 n=29	92 n=26	95 n=22	67 n=3
Thacker	92 n=51	85 n=53	95 n=75		94 n=70	86 n=72	94 n=69	85 n=40	94 n=64	89 n=75	91 n=43	98 n=55	100 n=26	98 n=44	100 n=24	100 n=27	92 n=13	100 n=21	90 n=10
King	83 n=54	89 n=53	98 n=50	94 n=70		73 n=41	94 n=51	84 n=63	77 n=43	95 n=60	77 n=70	93 n=57	91 n=33	97 n=37	96 n=23	100 n=32	96 n=27	92 n=12	100 n=8
Quattlebaum	97 n=64	93 n=68	74 n=68	86 n=72	73 n=41		90 n=52	87 n=39	98 n=64	68 n=34	98 n=54	88 n=68	90 n=40	80 n=40	74 n=19	89 n=19	90 n=30	96 n=23	86 n=14
Diaz	100 n=45	97 n=65	90 n=49	94 n=69	94 n=51	90 n=52		92 n=59	94 n=51	89 n=57	90 n=48	98 n=55	94 n=35	94 n=35	90 n=31	97 n=32	76 n=17	100 n=17	92 n=12
Wilkinson	86 n=59	95 n=77	72 n=50	85 n=40	84 n=63	87 n=39	92 n=59		96 n=56	83 n=60	90 n=41	96 n=25	89 n=55	81 n=42	85 n=27	83 n=41	78 n=18	100 n=23	83 n=6
Agee	100 n=70	95 n=80	83 n=47	94 n=64	77 n=43	98 n=64	94 n=51	96 n=56		91 n=34	100 n=51	86 n=36	86 n=36	83 n=35	96 n=26	88 n=25	96 n=24	94 n=17	100 n=3
Wynn	70 n=43	80 n=46	97 n=67	89 n=75	95 n=60	68 n=34	89 n=57	83 n=60	91 n=34		79 n=48	95 n=65	100 n=25	100 n=37	95 n=19	97 n=31	97 n=35	100 n=15	83 n=6
Rushing	96 n=67	95 n=62	60 n=40	91 n=43	77 n=70	98 n=54	90 n=48	90 n=41	100 n=51	79 n=48		90 n=51	88 n=51	79 n=48	74 n=27	92 n=26	91 n=22	100 n=6	89 n=9
Harris	88 n=49	90 n=40	94 n=83	98 n=55	93 n=57	88 n=68	98 n=55	96 n=25	86 n=36	95 n=65	90 n=51		100 n=44	97 n=30	100 n=17	100 n=23	100 n=37	100 n=16	—
Heytens	93 n=54	90 n=40	97 n=38	100 n=26	91 n=33	90 n=40	94 n=35	89 n=55	86 n=36	100 n=25	88 n=51	100 n=44		100 n=20	88 n=25	100 n=20	89 n=9	93 n=27	67 n=3
Floyd	87 n=38	88 n=42	95 n=37	98 n=44	97 n=37	80 n=40	94 n=35	81 n=42	83 n=35	100 n=37	79 n=48	97 n=30	100 n=20		100 n=8	100 n=20	100 n=7	100 n=3	67 n=3
Benjamin	89 n=28	89 n=38	97 n=32	100 n=24	96 n=23	74 n=19	90 n=31	85 n=27	96 n=26	95 n=19	74 n=27	100 n=17	88 n=25	100 n=8		100 n=4	86 n=14	97 n=31	—
Motz	84 n=32	83 n=30	100 n=29	100 n=27	100 n=32	89 n=19	97 n=32	83 n=41	88 n=25	97 n=31	92 n=26	100 n=23	100 n=20	100 n=20	100 n=4		100 n=25	—	—
Keenan	89 n=38	89 n=19	92 n=26	92 n=13	96 n=27	90 n=30	76 n=17	78 n=18	96 n=24	97 n=35	91 n=22	100 n=37	89 n=9	100 n=7	86 n=14	100 n=25		75 n=4	83 n=6
Berner	95 n=21	92 n=26	95 n=22	100 n=21	92 n=12	96 n=23	100 n=17	100 n=23	94 n=17	100 n=15	100 n=6	100 n=16	93 n=27	100 n=3	97 n=31	—	75 n=4		—
Traxler	100 n=11	89 n=9	67 n=3	90 n=10	100 n=8	86 n=14	92 n=12	83 n=6	100 n=3	83 n=6	89 n=9	—	67 n=3	67 n=3	—	—	83 n=6	—

60%

100%agreement rate

Most Active Panel Judges

Most-Frequent Advocates

Lawyers who have argued the most civil cases before the Fourth Circuit in our archive. Minimum 3 appearances.

1.Benjamin Winograd19 cases
2.Brad Austin14 cases
T-3.Steven Bader11 cases
T-3.Andrew Lindemann11 cases
T-5.Bradley Banias10 cases
T-5.Elbert Lin10 cases
T-7.Erika Maley9 cases
T-7.Derek Teaney9 cases
T-9.Terry Grimes7 cases
T-9.Michelle Kallen7 cases
T-9.Benjamin Osorio7 cases
T-9.Matthew Wessler7 cases
T-9.Alexandra Williams7 cases
T-14.Charles Brown6 cases
T-14.Ryan Dietrich6 cases
T-14.Benjamin Hogan6 cases
T-14.Anthony Majestro6 cases
T-14.Nathan Schnetzler6 cases
T-14.Thomas Strelka6 cases
T-14.Laura Taylor6 cases
T-14.Robert Tennyson Jr.6 cases
T-22.Melody Brown5 cases
T-22.Jordan Calloway5 cases
T-22.Richard Cook5 cases
T-22.Frederick Eberstadt5 cases
T-22.Christopher Edwards5 cases
T-22.Clifford Farrell5 cases
T-22.Kevin Gallagher5 cases
T-22.Benjamin Glass III5 cases
T-22.Kevin Hall5 cases
T-22.Samuel Hartzell5 cases
T-22.Gilda Hernandez5 cases
T-22.William Hurd5 cases
T-22.William Jay5 cases
T-22.Carlene Johnson5 cases
T-22.Philip Krone5 cases
T-22.Matthew Mezger5 cases
T-22.Genna Petre5 cases
T-22.Samuel Petsonk5 cases
T-22.Jim Phillips Jr.5 cases
T-22.Michael Redmond5 cases
T-22.Jonathan Robbins5 cases
T-22.Joseph Sherman5 cases
T-22.George Sibley III5 cases
T-45.Gadeir Abbas4 cases
T-45.Charity Barger4 cases
T-45.Peter Baumhart4 cases
T-45.Joshua Block4 cases
T-45.Tillman Breckenridge4 cases
T-45.Nicholas Brod4 cases